MONTESSORI BIOLOGY : Kingdom Plantae

MONTESSORI BIOLOGY

Kingdom Plantae

KINGDOM PLANTAE : Bryophyta 

Division Bryophyta

  Bryophytes are plants that usually

grow in moist habitats. Bryophytes do

not have the special tissue that moves

fluid through a plant as other plants have.

 Therefore, surrounding water is

required to move nutrients to different

parts of the plant during times of growth. 

 The most known of the

bryophytes are the mosses.   

 

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KINGDOM PLANTAE : Psilophyta

Division Psilophyta

  Psilophytes are plants that have

a branching systems that grows in two

directions. Psilophytes have very small

scaly outgrowths along the branches. 

 At the axis of the scales there is

a three-part , yellow-brown,

bud-like growth. The psilophytes

have a close relationship to a

fungus in the Zygomycota Phylum. 

 The most known of the

psilophytes is the whisk broom. 

  

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KINGDOM PLANTAE : Lycopodophyta

Division Lycopodophyta

  Lycopodophytes are plants that 

do not bear seeds. Sporangia are

organs that produce spores which

the lycopodophytes reproduce.

  Sporangia are small leaves that are

tightly arranged on the branches. Some

of the small leaves are modified into the

sporophyll leaves and the aporangia.

 

These modified leaves produce

the spores. The most known of the

lycopodophytes is the club mosses. 

 

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KINGDOM PLANTAE : Sphenophyta

Division Sphenophyta

 Sphenophytes have photosynthetic stems.

These stems are hollow and jointed.

Sphenophytes have rough and ribbed stems. 

Sphenophytes live along freshwater

banks, saltwater flats, and marshes.

 At the end of the stem  is a cone-like

structure called the strobilus. The strobilus

is made of modified leaves that form

sporangiophores and sporangium

for reproduction by means of spores. 

The most known of the

sphenophytes is the horsetail. 

  

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KINGDOM PLANTAE : Filicinophyta

Division Filicinophyta

  Filicinophytes are commonly called ferns.

 Ferns live in moist areas which require water

 at least during fertilization. Filicinophytes

 reproduce by means and spores. 

Filicinophytes have large green leaves.

 

They develop compound leaves called

fronds which form branches off the main

stem. Sporangia can grow on the

underside of the front leaflets.

They cluster into group called sori.

The source is covered with a special

tissue called indusia. Indusia dries

up thereby freeing the spores. 

 

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KINGDOM PLANTAE : Cycadophyta

Division Cycadophyta

Cycadophytes are often palm-like with

 compound leaves. The cycadophytes

have scaly trunks, because as leaves shed

the base of the leaf remains on the trunk.  

Photosynthesis occurs in the leaves at the

 top of the plant. Cycadophytes bear seeds 

not enclosed in an ovary. Cycadophytes 

usually have unbranched leaves. 

  Cycads have a deep, extensive root system,

and arial roots house cyanobacteria, which

serve as nitrogen-fixes for cycads. Strobili

develop for embryo and pollen production.

  

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KINGDOM PLANTAE : Ginkgophyta

Division Ginkgophyta

  Ginkgophyta bear a characteristic

fan-shaped leaf. The leaves grow off the

branches producing a small strobili. 

The strobili develop just beneath the

ginkgo leaves in the male ginkgo.  

  In the female ginkgo, ovules develop

beneath the leaves.The pollen from the

male ginkgo fertilizes the ovules of 

the female ginkgo. The strobili develop 

just beneath the ginkgo leaves
 in the male ginkgo.  

 

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KINGDOM PLANTAE : Coniferophyta

Division Coniferophyta

 Coniferophyta are cone-bearing trees

or something scrubs. Conifers have leaves

that are needle - like.The stems contain a

sticky resin liquid. The cones of the conifer

are both male and female on the same tree. 

 The actual fertilization may take a year.

 When the pollen and the eye meet an

 embryo is formed. The embryo is not 

covered by the ovary wall. Conifers 

are known as pine trees. 

  

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KINGDOM PLANTAE : Gnetophyta

Division Gnetophyta

 Gnetophyta are cone-bearing,

low - lying plants.The cones, unlike

coniferophyta, do not have sticky resin. 

These are male and female cones

on the same plant. The seeds

    have stored food cotyledon.  

 The seeds are not covered by a testa 

which is the protective coat that the 

seeds on angiospermophyta have. 

  

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KINGDOM PLANTAE : Angiospermophyta

Division Angiospermophyta

 Angiospermophyta are the most 

familiar plants. The angiospermophyta

are flowering plants. The flower is

the reproductive organ. 

Contained in the flower is the male part

 (stamen) and the female part (pistil). 

 The seed that is produced by the

angiospermophyta has stored food

(cotyledon) and a seed coat (testa)

around the embryo. 

 

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